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JAINISM:
Jainism, traditionally known as
Jain Dharma, is an ancient Indian religion.

Jainism has between four and five
million followers, with most Jains
residing in India. Outside India, some
of the largest Jain communities are
present in Canada, Europe, Kenya,
the United Kingdom, Hong Kong,
Suriname, Fiji, and the United States.

FESTIVALS:
Major Jain festivals include Paryushana
and Daslakshana, Mahavir Janma
Kalyanak, and Dipawali.

MAHAVIRA:
Mahavira, also known as Vardhamāna,
was the twenty-fourth tirthankara
(ford-maker and propagator of dharma)
who revived Jainism. He expounded
the spiritual, philosophical and ethical
teachings of the previous tirthankaras
from the remote pre-Vedic era. In the
Jain tradition, it is believed that
Mahavira was born in the early part
of the 6th century BC into a royal
Kshatriya Jain family in
present-day Bihar, India.

He abandoned all worldly possessions
at the age of 30 and left home in
pursuit of spiritual awakening,
becoming an ascetic.

Mahavira practiced intense meditation
and severe austerities for 12 years,
after which he is believed to have
attained Kevala Jnana (omniscience).

He preached for 30 years and is
believed by Jains to have attained
moksha in the 6th century BC.

JAINS:
Followers of Jainism are called "Jains",
a word derived from the
Sanskrit word jina and connoting the
path of victory in crossing over life's
stream of rebirths through an
ethical and spiritual life.

Devout Jains take five main vows:
ahiṃsā (non-violence), satya (truth),
asteya (not stealing), brahmacharya
(celibacy or chastity),
and aparigraha (non-attachment).

These principles have impacted Jain
culture in many ways, such as leading
to a predominantly vegetarian lifestyle
that avoids harm to animals
and their life cycles.

Jainism has two major ancient
sub-traditions, Digambaras and
Śvētāmbaras;
and several smaller
sub-traditions that emerged
in the 2nd millennium CE.

The Digambaras and Śvētāmbaras
have different views on ascetic practices,
gender and which Jain texts can be
considered canonical. Jain
mendicants are found in
all Jain sub-traditions except Kanji
Panth sub-tradition, with
laypersons (śrāvakas)
supporting the mendicants' spiritual
pursuits with resources.

ELLORA CAVES 30-24 - JANISM:
Ellora is a UNESCO World Heritage
Site located in the Aurangabad
district of Maharashtra, India. It is one
of the largest rock-cut monastery-temple
cave complexes in the world, featuring
Buddhist, Hindu and Jain monuments,
and artwork, dating from
the 600–1000 CE period.

Cave 16, in particular, features the
largest single monolithic rock excavation
in the world, the Kailasha temple,
a chariot shaped monument dedicated
to Shiva. The Kailasha temple
excavation also features sculptures
depicting the gods, goddesses
and mythologies found in Vaishnavism,
Shaktism as well as relief panels
summarizing the two major Hindu Epics.

There are over 100 caves at the site,
all excavated from the basalt
cliffs in the Charanandri Hills, 34 of
which are open to public.
These consist of 12 Buddhist (caves 1–12),
17 Hindu (caves 13–29)
and 5 Jain (caves 30–34) caves.

Ref and Image Credits:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahavira
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellora_Caves
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaji